Metallic-vapor lamp.



F. KERSCHBAUM.

METALLIC VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 6, 191a.

Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

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P. KERSGHBAUM.

METALLIC VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. a. 1913.,

L1 18,868. Patented Nov. 24, 1914.

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F. KERSGHBAUM.

METALLIC VAPOR LAMP.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 8, 1913.

1, 1 1 8,868. Patented N0v.24, 1914.

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W 17 662624071 .76221907; 6a um 85 cl vapor retreats from the walls of the sur- (FREDERICK KERSCHIBAUM, OF CAMBRIDGE, ENGLAND.

HETALLIC-VAPOB LAMP.

misses.

To all whom it may concern example Figure 1 is a vertical section, Fig. 2 1s a horizontal section, Fig. 3 shows several forms of the vapor arc, Fig. 4 is the spectrum of an ordinary lamp, Fig. 5 is the spectrum of a lamp according to the present invention, Fig. 6 is the spectrum of a resonance-lamp combined with the vapor lamp, Fig. 7 shows the combination ot a vapor lamp with 'a resonance lamp, Fig. 8 1s a horizontal section through another form of the vapor lamp, and Fig. 9 is a horizontal section through a further form of the vapor lam vl iliereas in lightly loaded lamps the illuminating vapor uniformly fills the entire cross-section of the tube between the electrodes (Fig. 3 of the accompanying drawin'g), when there is an increased loadand therefore higher temperature-the radiant rounding tube, and forms an intensively radiant thread of light'located in the axis of the-tube, surrounded by comparatively weakly illuminating mercury vapor (Fig. 3 The light-0f the bright radiant axial thread must therefore, in order to be able to issue from the lamp, first penetrate the envelop of vapor and under 0 absorption. To obviate this absorption e ect, according to the invention the temperature of the envelop is reduced, and hence the concentration of theabsorbing vapor is diminished.

This can 'be efi'ected by cooling outwardly; then, however, owing to an abundant condensation of mercury vapor, a coating of mercury forms on the entire inside wall of the lamp and allows almost no light whatever to issue. To prevent the condensation of the mercury vapor according to the invention the are is electromagnetically de- Speciflcation of Letters Patent.

Patented'Nov. 24, 1914.

Application filed September 8, 1913. Serial No. 788,770.

flected toward one side of the tube of the lamp. The deflected arc raises the temperature of the tube at the place where it is applied and burns for itself an aperture in the film resulting from condensation. The light of the deflected radiating arc will issue through this aperture without havingpenetrated an absorbing layer of mercury vapor.

The brass block 6 (Figs. 1 and 2) has a vertical bore; into this are soldered 2 tubes 1' hav ng branches w for reciving and discharging the cooling water. Into this vert1cal cooler is inserted the quartz mercuryva 7 or lamp Z, which is fastened above and be ow by means of the bored rubber stoppers d, which fit the tubes r and securely close the same. Moreover, in the construction illustrated it is optional which portion of the are is to be located within the brass block b. It is also clear that difi'erent lamps of similar construction can also be readily inserted in the apparatus. The quartz lamp 1 itself is a vertically burning lamp, WhlCh is of the simplest and compactest construction possible. As leading-in members for the lamp ground-in nickel-steel pins 71. serve. Only the metal of the lower electrode (cathode) is mercury; the anode is a piece of carbon 0 screwed on the end of the upper nickehsteel pin. The brass block b has, in addition, two lateral, horizontal, threaded bores h. By means of these screw threads the ends of two iron rods m are screwed up close to the wall of the lamp; over these rods are pushed coils of wire 0. In the experimental model each of the two coils has 200 turns of covered copper wire of =1- ohm resistance; the current employed is 2-3 amperes. The electromagnets so formed pro duce lines of force at right angles to the axis of the lamp. The block b has another horizontal bore This passes through only the rear half of the block and can be closed by a quartz plate f which can be screwed on. When the lamp is burning and the electromagnets are so connected that they deflect the arc to the rear, the light will issue through the bore f and the quartz plate f. The lamp is ignitedby being rotated into its horizontal position. In the present construction such rotation can be readily effected because parts of the magnets are formed as pivots which rest in corresponding bearings. When the lamp is turned back to the vertical position the arc is then maintained.

I lamp 3"volts with 6 amperes:

are taken per centimeter length of arc)." In

A rough comparison of an ordinary mercur vapor lamp burning. without watercoo ing or magnetic fieldwith the sub]ectmatter of the application shows the difi'erence of their light. Whereas the yellowish blue light of the ordinary lamp can be borne for a short time by the unprotected eye, the whitish blue light of the subject-matter of the application has an unbearable brightness; It is diflicult to name conditions under which to. 'base a comparison 7 between v the light of an" ordinary hot lamp and that of the subject-matter of the application. The loading certainly cannot directly serve as a criterion. It maybe most correct to assume that lamps of both types radiate a light comparable in respect to nature and mansity when the weakest lines in the spectrum of these lamps indicateequal intensity, like photographic conditions being assumed. For the weakest lines are independent of absorption." -Thesepoints of view are-borne out by' the photograi he of the spectrum of an ordinary'lamp Fig. 4), and of the lamp constructed according to the invention (Fig. 5).. ,When these, photographs were taken, the; ectoigraphicslit was m'both cases 14 an; rom the-lamp,the exposure 1 second, whilethe loadingr'of the ordinary'lamp' was 5 volts with 2 amperes, and that'of the new (The volts this case therefore the loading :of the two lamps was so empirically chosen that with like conditions in respect .to exposure the weakest lines'disc'ernihle (the two l'ines to the far right of Figs' a} and 5) had very approximatel the same. intensity. A. comparison of t e intensity of corresponding lines in Figs. 4 and 5' shows distinctly that in the spectrum of the newlamp the inten sity of the bright, and particularly the brightest lines is greater, and'that new lines occur.. It thus follows that the emitted light is at least qualitatively influenced in the desired,. manner owing to magnetic deflection.

It'may here be remarked'that Figsalid 5 are 1 illustrative enlargements of spectrograms obtained by ag.small Hilger quartzspectrograph'. It follows at once that pro vided the lamp is of .suzlficientlength, the arc can be deflected toward various side's/of the tube bymeans of several magnetic fields. For this purpose it is only necessary that each field of magnetic lines is directed about at right angles to the lamp. Apertures' are then formed in the filmdueto condensation in the tube, and allow the light to issue in any direction desired. In Fig. 8 a'lamp isshcwn in which two'pairs of magnetsm and m. withthe coils e and-e respectively are'arranged Further it,is, readily seen that the mercury vapor lamp can also burn 'in' a. re ta'ting magnetic field. This rotationfof-the magnetic field can he edected, efig. by rotatnuance ing the electromagnets or-without employing special. electromagnets-.-by means of a rotary field such as is produced by rotary currents. A lam with a rotary field is shown in Fig. 9. 1 3 is an iron ring with the poles E E E the'latter ha-ve coilsconnected to the lines of a three phase circuit. The portion of the arc deflected by the rotary field will then rotate and burn clear an entire ring. in the mercury film through which light canissue uniformly in all direc' tions. v

The light of the new lamp is devoid of heat rays but extremely rich in ultra-violet rays, andcan be advantageously employed for disinfection, for" sterilizing water and for similar medical purposes By combining such a lamp with a y resonance lamp ultra-violet light'of the wave-length 1:2536 is continuously obtained with an intensity 5 a'ndhomogeneity such as is out of the question by employing spectrographs or mono chromators. Fig. 7 shows such a combination of a vapor lamp with a resonance lamp. The resonance lamp is a transparent quartz-glass vessel made out of one piece, a tube with both ends closed; it is supplied with a'drop' of mercury and exhausted. The energizing lightzenter's in the direction-of the arrows P, through two circular screens B along the axis of the tube and' into the vapor chamber without striking the side walls of the quartz vessel Q. The light which has penetrated the vaporfchamber is intercepted by a black cap 7c. It is there'- we by obtained that none of the energizing lightcan'iss'ue owing to dissipation through the cylindrical wall of the resonance vessel. Any light which travels in the direction R of the resonance lamp mu'st therefore be exclusively duet'o resonance radiation. The resonance lamp can be attached light-tight in front of'th'e a ertu're of the lamp-shown I in Figs. 1 and 2 y' means of the extension piece A. If the lamp constructed according to the invention is caused to burn and its light. to fall in this manner into a' vapor chamber of the resonance lamp,andif the slit of the quartz spectrograph is brought into the path ofthe arrow B and therefore of the expected resonance light, which is ultra-violet, thenari' exposure of the plate of the s ectropra'ph' lasting only three seconds (t e slit being 2 cm. from the resofrii ance vessel) yieldthe spectrum shown in The remarksv made inreference to absorp- .tion in the interior of mercury vapor'lamps magnets being arrangedradially to the axis of the lamp, substantially asdescribed and for the purpose specified.

for the purpose specified.

3. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a quartz tube, a cooling vessel surrounding said quartz tube, and a number of radial magnets arranged at an angle to each other for the purpose of enabling the light of the deflected metallic vapor arc to issue in vari ous directions.

4. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a quartz tube, a carbon anode in said quartz tube, and a number of radial magnets arranged around the lamp, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

5. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a straight quartz tube having no branches, a carbon anode in said quartz tube, a cooling vessel surrounding said quartz tube, and two radial magnets on opposite sides of the lamp, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

6. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a quartz tube, a carbon anode in said quartz tube, a cooling vessel surrounding said quartz tube, and a number of radial magnets arranged at an angle to each other for the purpose of enabling the light of the deflected metallic vapor arc to issue in various directions.

7. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a quartz tube, a carbon anode in said quartz tube, a coolin vessel surrounding said quartz tube, an' two radial magnets on opposite sides of the lamp, substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

8. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a straight quartz tube having no branches, a. cooling vessel surrounding said quartz tube, and a number of radial magnets around the lamp, one pair of said magnets being formed as pivots for rotating the lamp about a horizontal axis substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

9. A metallic vapor lamp comprising a straight quartz tube having no branches, a carbon anode in said quartz tube, a cooling vessel surrounding said quartz tube, and a number of radial magnets around the lamp, one pair of said magnets being formed as pivots for rotating the lamp about a horizontal axis substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

10. A method of producing a continuous supply of vibrations having a Wave length of 2536 Angstrome units by pressing the vapor arc of a metallic vapor lamp against the Wall of the cooled lamp tube and by directing the rays freed in such amanner from the absorption efi'ect into the vapor chamber of a resonance lamp.

11. A method of producing a continuous supply of vibrations having a Wave length of 2536 Angstrome units by pressing the vapor arc of a metallic vapor lamp against the Wall of the cooled lamp tube and by directing the rays freed in such a manner from the absorption effect into the vapor chamber of a resonance lamp, and by absorbing the light having passed the resonance chamber by a suitable screen.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses. p DR. FREDERICK KERSCIIBAUM.

- Witnesses:

H. D. JAMESON,

C. A. REYNOLDS. 

